In a large pot, bring chicken broth to a boil.
Add onion, ginger, star anise, cinnamon stick, and cloves. Simmer for 30 minutes.
Strain the broth to remove solids.
Add fish sauce and sugar to the broth.
Cook rice noodles according to package instructions.
In a separate pot, cook shrimp until pink.
Divide noodles and shrimp among bowls.
Pour hot broth over noodles and shrimp.
Garnish with fresh herbs, lime wedges, bean sprouts, and sliced chili peppers.